Hey NCN - I am just throwing things at you here, I have no expertise on carpenter ants, but I understand they like to build their nest in rotting tree stumps, fire wood, etc, so I'm wondering if you've got these type situations near your hives. Have you been able to track them at all? If you could find the nest, you could destroy it.
I've also posed your question via email to a pest control company, and will let you know if I hear back from them with any suggestions