Something you may like to read IMHO this answers a lot of questions about package bees and why they do so poorly. queens are too young when put into a package at most bee breeders
I've seen one that focused on Ovariole development, but here's one that just looks at sperm counts and suvivability:
https://rirdc.infoservices.com.au/downloads/03-049A synopsis:
Research has shows that the age of the queen
when removed from the mating nucleus colony has
a significant impact on the survival of that queen at
2 and 15 weeks after introduction into another
colony.
14 days after introduction to the new colony:
There were low survival rates of queens caught at
14 days compared with 21 days of age.
At 21 days 82.5% of the queens survived.
This further improved to an average of 90% survival
for queens caught at 28 days of age.
The benefits of older caught queens (28 days) are
further illustrated after 15 weeks. Losses of queens
caught at 21 days can be expected to be 30.5%
compared to losses of queens caught at 28 days to
be 21%.
This research clearly indicates that queens caught
at 28 days for introduction into another colony are
better in the long term as far as survivability is
concerned.
From here:
http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/305097/Buying-queen-bees.pdf BEE HAPPY Jim 123