As the outdoor temperature goes down, colder, the bee cluster gets more compact. The outer layer of bees, the mantle, are barely above their chill coma temperature. Those bees are still - quiet - lethargic. There will be no buzzing or fuzzing if you go knocking on a hive in cold temperatures. The hive will be quiet. Do not disturb, as doing so disrupts the intricate insulation layer being provided by the mantle bees. Which throws their heat/energy off balance and will kill a bunch of mantle bees.
Wait. Go bang on the hive when temperatures are well above 42 deg F, 6 deg C. Below that temperature, leave them alone.
Inspections during the BEE SEASON are essential to good management of the hive. Disruptions or Inspections during winter -- will kill your bees. Do your winter beekeeping during the bee season. Meaning do all your work in spring, summer, fall; making sure that the bees are healthy, low parasite level, and have an adequate supply of winter stores. Once the temperature drops there is nothing you can or should be doing. Other than walking by and clearing snow/ice from the entrance.
Come spring, when temperatures return to being steady above that 42 deg F range, THEN you will know if the hive is alive or not by the amount of bees coming/going at the entrance.
Chinook here currently. -37 deg C to +3 deg C in 36 hours. The super quiet hives figured dead from over a week of bitter bitter cold were quick to blow my coffee breathe back at me this afternoon ... they are fine. :)