In times past they over wintered bees in a "bee cellar" which is much like a root cellar this was done especially in the north to protect from harsh winters. Most designs I've seen included tubes to allow the bees to go outside. This would mean they are not contained in the hives which could be trouble in a basement unless this was considered when building the space. Also, I imagine you would want temperatures to remain low (though not as cold as outside) so the bees wouldn't become too active and deplete food supplies . Maybe that could be overcome with careful feeding. If active they'll certainly need room to fly or access to the outside. Maybe you could connect nucs like observation hives, with tubing from hive to outside.