There has also been a recent study that showed HFCS heated to 120F has a dramatic jump in HMF levels (the same stuff that is bad for bees when you heat honey).
On another hand, I tried one year to make syrup in cold water and the sugar content remain too low. They were not able to dry up the syrup fast enough and cap the food, and I met losses.
Jep. it is really low temp, 49C.
55C is a water temp, whic hand feel it burns, but it does not make damage to the skin.
I have heated my syrup water usually something to 80C and then mixed sugar in it. - I do not say that tens of years and so have done another beekeepers too.
I have not noticed that my bees feel bad even if they use that syrup from September to May. I have not heard anybody else to say
that this is something which make winter damages.
Like potato, it is in theory poisonous to human(sonalium), but real life shows that human stands that poison.
If you feed hives too late, it is too late. You have a long time to do that, why don't you do that.
When it is time to enlarge hive, you must do that. Otherwise you loose your foragers in swarming. Whose fault is that.
It is same in all farming. You must act in time.