I'm sorry that I keep correcting you on things, but varroa has an exoskeleton that is similar to a bee's. Perhaps not identical, but all arthropods have an exoskeleton made of chitin. Also from what I've read about OAV, we aren't sure exactly how it acts on mites, which is why it's recommended to rotate it with another kind of treatment, because we are unsure if mites could become resistant to it.
So far I do not see that you have. lol
No, their exoskeletons are not identical, as that of the bee.
Huge Point. According to Dr Samuel Ramsey OAV attacks the foot of the mite because of its 'softness' which is a weakness as far as OAV and part of the varroas' 'softer' exoskeleton..
OAV build up to resistance:
Again I have read just the opposite as this question has supposedly been answered and put to rest by years of research resulting in data from all over the world. Has this changed?
I understand what you are saying, but just because it was 16F outside the hive doesn't mean it was 16F around the cluster. As Nigel said, the bees maintained the same cluster temperature in the hive with the open lid, they just had to use more energy to do it. Even an open air hive would have to be able to maintain the winter cluster temperature of around 64F at the core and 44F around the edges to survive. They could do that in cold temps by shivering, balling, and consuming vast amounts of honey to enable their bodies to generate metabolic heat.
When temperatures drop to 23?F 'or below', the bees on
'the inside' of the cluster begin 'vibrating their wing muscles' to generate heat, which aids in bringing up the 'internal core' temperature of the cluster.
The bees along the outer shell of the cluster 'remain motionless', acting as a 'layer of insulation'. i.e.
I understand clearly your and
Nigels' point that the inner cluster will maintain a steady warm temperature. I share that point.
But not the outer limits of that cluster, they do not do that even in a safe buttoned down hive. We are not talking a buttoned down hive but a hive that is exposed to extreme elements of nature.
I see no use in going deeper in the open air hive that was just and good example. But In my case the outside temperature of that cluster inside of the box 'was' 'or near' 16F because of the wind tunneling drafting effect being a steady pull as that of being placed inside a wind tunnel, which no longer offers element and weather protection, nor the ability build to build up warmth in the 'inner space' of the hive because of the gaped open top of hive box and the draft of 'steady' pull from the complete unrestricted opening of bottom. Because of this, unrestrained, below freeing temperatures for weeks at a time are allowed to reach the outer edge of the cluster itself. This can not be denied Physics will not allow. The outer bees 'will' in this senecio, have below freezing air touching their bodies. The air is no longer trapped and siting, as in buttoned down hive set ups.
Fresh, New, 'Freezing' air will be a 'steady' flow 'racing' throughout the hive no matter how warm it is below the protective 'insulation bees'. 'Like Rudolph in the blizzard' the bees of the outer edge of the cluster will have freezing air hitting them steady. lol Will not the mites attached as well?
That is the very reason they slowly rotate positions inside the cluster. They can only live so long while siting motionless with 16 degree air hitting them. And make no mistake, the outer bees of the cluster did deal with it and survive in my experiment just as I am describing now.
I do not know if the attached mites will be able to deal with it. And that question 'is' the point in question. lol
So the same original question, will the freezing air hitting the bees in such a senecio, kill the varroa mites which are attached to the bee when it is their turn to do outer cluster duty? I do not know.
Oh let me add, as far as burning up vast amounts of food or fuel; This hive 'did not' have the added food nor the support of mountain camp on top for extra food. In fact they had no more reserve stores than any of my hives that I 'did' add mountain camp.
Phillip